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皮帶秤檢定規定中的新規定 |
發布日期:
2018-3-28
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3157
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JG650—90電(dian)子皮(pi)帶(dai)秤(cheng)試行檢(jian)定規(gui)(gui)(gui)程(cheng)(下(xia)簡(jian)稱原規(gui)(gui)(gui)程(cheng))自1991年(nian)(nian)1月(yue)1日實(shi)施(shi),12年(nian)(nian)來為我國電(dian)子皮(pi)帶(dai)秤(cheng)的(de)(de)檢(jian)定工作(zuo)提供了法定的(de)(de)依據。在(zai)我國計(ji)量檢(jian)定事業中完(wan)成了它的(de)(de)歷史使命。隨著科學技(ji)術不(bu)斷更(geng)新(xin)、發展,JJG195—2002皮(pi)帶(dai)秤(cheng)國家計(ji)量檢(jian)定規(gui)(gui)(gui)程(cheng)(下(xia)簡(jian)稱新(xin)規(gui)(gui)(gui)程(cheng))于2003年(nian)(nian)5月(yue)4日實(shi)施(shi),不(bu)僅代替了原規(gui)(gui)(gui)程(cheng),對(dui)推動(dong)技(ji)術進(jin)步,加強對(dui)計(ji)量工作(zuo)的(de)(de)管理(li),提高到一(yi)個(ge)新(xin)的(de)(de)階段。不(bu)論是形(xing)式上還(huan)是內容,增加了大(da)幅度的(de)(de)技(ji)術要求和檢(jian)定項(xiang)目。為了更(geng)好(hao)地宣(xuan)傳貫徹落實(shi)新(xin)規(gui)(gui)(gui)程(cheng)的(de)(de)實(shi)施(shi)。筆者(zhe)從皮(pi)帶(dai)秤(cheng)用戶的(de)(de)角度來介(jie)紹新(xin)規(gui)(gui)(gui)程(cheng)中的(de)(de)主要內容。 一、新(xin)規程的(de)制定過程 原規(gui)程的(de)起草(cao)單(dan)位、歸口單(dan)位均為(wei)中國(guo)計(ji)量(liang)科學(xue)研(yan)究(jiu)院,主(zhu)要起草(cao)人(ren)為(wei)2人(ren)。而新規(gui)程主(zhu)要起草(cao)單(dan)位有(you)(you)(you)(you):青(qing)島(dao)衡器(qi)(qi)測(ce)試中心、中國(guo)計(ji)量(liang)科學(xue)研(yan)究(jiu)院、交(jiao)通(tong)部科學(xue)研(yan)究(jiu)院、國(guo)家電力公司(si)(si)熱工(gong)研(yan)究(jiu)院。參(can)加(jia)起草(cao)單(dan)位有(you)(you)(you)(you):北京春海(hai)技術(shu)開(kai)發有(you)(you)(you)(you)限(xian)責任公司(si)(si)、江蘇賽摩拉姆齊技術(shu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)限(xian)公司(si)(si)、梅特勒—托利多(duo)(常(chang)州)稱重設備(bei)系統有(you)(you)(you)(you)限(xian)公司(si)(si)、濟南金鐘電子(zi)衡器(qi)(qi)股份(fen)有(you)(you)(you)(you)限(xian)公司(si)(si)、山西新元(yuan)自動儀表(biao)有(you)(you)(you)(you)限(xian)公司(si)(si)、上(shang)海(hai)自動化儀表(biao)股份(fen)有(you)(you)(you)(you)限(xian)公司(si)(si)。歸口單(dan)位為(wei)全(quan)國(guo)衡器(qi)(qi)計(ji)量(liang)技術(shu)委員會。主(zhu)要起草(cao)人(ren)不僅(jin)增加(jia)到5人(ren),還增加(jia)了(le)6名參(can)加(jia)起草(cao)人(ren)。文(wen)本(ben)字(zi)(zi)數由(you)原規(gui)程1萬4千(qian)字(zi)(zi)增加(jia)到15萬6千(qian)字(zi)(zi),原規(gui)程版本(ben)形式(shi)(shi)為(wei)850mm×1168mm/32開(kai)本(ben),新規(gui)程加(jia)大到880mm×1230mm/16開(kai)本(ben)。在編寫格式(shi)(shi)上(shang)逐步符合國(guo)際(ji)法制計(ji)量(liang)組(zu)織(OIML)R50國(guo)際(ji)建議的(de)要求(qiu),參(can)照執(zhi)行了(le)JJF1002—1998《國(guo)家計(ji)量(liang)檢定規(gui)程編寫規(gui)則》,根據(ju)我國(guo)現行的(de)計(ji)量(liang)法規(gui)和(he)計(ji)量(liang)器(qi)(qi)具的(de)管理模式(shi)(shi)仍保持皮帶秤實(shi)際(ji)應用等方(fang)面的(de)特點(dian)。 在新(xin)規程中(zhong)增加(jia)了(le)“后(hou)續檢(jian)(jian)(jian)定”的(de)控制環(huan)節(jie),為增強規程的(de)可(ke)操作性(xing),把首次(ci)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)定、后(hou)續檢(jian)(jian)(jian)定和使用(yong)(yong)中(zhong)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)的(de)內(nei)(nei)容加(jia)以(yi)具體(ti)化(hua)。在使用(yong)(yong)中(zhong)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)驗(yan)還(huan)增加(jia)了(le)循(xun)環(huan)鏈碼模(mo)擬載荷(he)裝置的(de)內(nei)(nei)容并提出了(le)具體(ti)要(yao)(yao)求。考(kao)慮到皮(pi)帶(dai)秤(cheng)使用(yong)(yong)中(zhong)受(shou)環(huan)境影響較大,增加(jia)了(le)對皮(pi)帶(dai)秤(cheng)用(yong)(yong)戶強制性(xing)要(yao)(yao)求的(de)內(nei)(nei)容。 二、新(xin)規程增(zeng)加的主要內容 新規程列出了(le)所需的專業術(shu)語(yu)(名詞和(he)(he)定(ding)義(yi)(yi))共73條款,把(ba)皮(pi)帶(dai)秤(cheng)定(ding)義(yi)(yi)為連續(xu)自(zi)(zi)動衡(heng)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、把(ba)使用(yong)(yong)某些衡(heng)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)來確定(ding)物料(liao)(liao)試驗中物料(liao)(liao)質量(liang)(liang)的器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)具定(ding)義(yi)(yi)為控制衡(heng)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi);把(ba)承載(zai)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)分(fen)為稱(cheng)量(liang)(liang)臺式和(he)(he)輸送(song)機(ji)式;皮(pi)帶(dai)秤(cheng)分(fen)為單(dan)速、變速和(he)(he)多速,托輥分(fen)輸送(song)和(he)(he)稱(cheng)重(zhong)(zhong),測速傳(chuan)感器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)分(fen)成(cheng)位(wei)移傳(chuan)感器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)加位(wei)移檢(jian)(jian)測裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。電(dian)子(zi)部(bu)件(jian)分(fen)成(cheng)電(dian)子(zi)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、電(dian)子(zi)組(zu)件(jian)、電(dian)子(zi)元件(jian),累(lei)計器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)分(fen)累(lei)計顯示器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、總累(lei)計顯示器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、部(bu)分(fen)和(he)(he)附加累(lei)計顯示器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),把(ba)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)零、非(fei)自(zi)(zi)動置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)零、半自(zi)(zi)動置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)零、自(zi)(zi)動置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)零裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)義(yi)(yi)為輔助裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。將能檢(jian)(jian)驗皮(pi)帶(dai)秤(cheng)某些功能的裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)義(yi)(yi)為運行檢(jian)(jian)驗裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),如循(xun)環(huan)(huan)鏈(lian)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)、滾動鏈(lian)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)、多輪小車碼(ma)(ma)(ma),以及砝碼(ma)(ma)(ma)、掛碼(ma)(ma)(ma)、標(biao)準電(dian)信(xin)號(hao)。位(wei)移模(mo)擬(ni)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)轉(zhuan)動時具有模(mo)擬(ni)皮(pi)帶(dai)位(wei)移的功能,是用(yong)(yong)于皮(pi)帶(dai)秤(cheng)不具備(bei)輸送(song)機(ji)進行模(mo)擬(ni)試驗的裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。循(xun)環(huan)(huan)鏈(lian)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)是由若干(gan)個標(biao)準質量(liang)(liang)塊首尾相接組(zu)成(cheng)的閉合(he)鏈(lian),隨輸送(song)機(ji)皮(pi)帶(dai)移動,將重(zhong)(zhong)力連續(xu)、循(xun)環(huan)(huan)地作用(yong)(yong)于皮(pi)帶(dai)秤(cheng)上的模(mo)擬(ni)載(zai)荷檢(jian)(jian)驗裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。 把試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)劃分為物料試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、模(mo)(mo)擬(ni)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、模(mo)(mo)擬(ni)載荷(he)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、性能(neng)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)、耐久性試(shi)驗(yan)(yan),在(zai)無皮帶輸送機的(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況下,采用(yong)(yong)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)砝碼對由(you)完整的(de)(de)(de)(de)皮帶秤(cheng)組成的(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)裝置(zhi)進行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)稱之(zhi)為模(mo)(mo)擬(ni)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)。在(zai)皮帶秤(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)現(xian)場采用(yong)(yong)模(mo)(mo)擬(ni)載荷(he)裝置(zhi)模(mo)(mo)擬(ni)物料通過皮帶秤(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)稱之(zhi)為模(mo)(mo)擬(ni)載荷(he)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)。把檢(jian)(jian)定(ding)劃分為:首(shou)次(ci)檢(jian)(jian)定(ding)、后(hou)續(xu)檢(jian)(jian)定(ding)和使(shi)用(yong)(yong)中檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)。首(shou)次(ci)檢(jian)(jian)定(ding)必須是(shi)(shi)(shi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)中物料作質(zhi)量標(biao)(biao)準(zhun),后(hou)續(xu)檢(jian)(jian)定(ding)是(shi)(shi)(shi)皮帶秤(cheng)首(shou)次(ci)檢(jian)(jian)定(ding)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)任何一種(zhong)檢(jian)(jian)定(ding)。如(ru)強(qiang)制性周期(qi)(qi)檢(jian)(jian)定(ding);修理(li)后(hou)檢(jian)(jian)定(ding);周期(qi)(qi)檢(jian)(jian)定(ding)有(you)效(xiao)期(qi)(qi)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)(jian)定(ding),不論它是(shi)(shi)(shi)由(you)用(yong)(yong)戶提出(chu)請(qing)求,或(huo)由(you)于某種(zhong)原(yuan)因使(shi)有(you)效(xiao)期(qi)(qi)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)封印失效(xiao)而(er)進行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)(jian)定(ding)。后(hou)續(xu)檢(jian)(jian)定(ding)必須是(shi)(shi)(shi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)中物料作質(zhi)量標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)進行(xing)檢(jian)(jian)定(ding)。使(shi)用(yong)(yong)中檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)可以是(shi)(shi)(shi)物料也可以是(shi)(shi)(shi)模(mo)(mo)擬(ni)載荷(he)檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)裝置(zhi)進行(xing)檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)。 在(zai)(zai)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)方(fang)法(fa)中(zhong)(zhong)物(wu)料(liao)(liao)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗首次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)和后(hou)續檢(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)0.5級的(de)皮帶秤(cheng),所(suo)用(yong)物(wu)料(liao)(liao)質量最(zui)大(da)允許誤差不得超(chao)過(guo)0.25 % 。新規程中(zhong)(zhong)增加了(le)物(wu)料(liao)(liao)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗的(de)重(zhong)復性檢(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding),要求(qiu)是(shi)所(suo)有的(de)物(wu)料(liao)(liao)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗應(ying)成(cheng)組(zu)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),以便于對重(zhong)復性作出評價。所(suo)謂“成(cheng)組(zu)”就(jiu)是(shi)第一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗物(wu)料(liao)(liao)載荷(he)通(tong)過(guo)皮帶秤(cheng)后(hou),用(yong)相同物(wu)料(liao)(liao)載荷(he)和其(qi)他規定(ding)的(de)參數盡量實際一(yi)致(zhi)再(zai)運行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),二(er)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)稱量構成(cheng)一(yi)組(zu)。單(dan)速(su)皮帶秤(cheng)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)方(fang)法(fa)是(shi):最(zui)大(da)給(gei)料(liao)(liao)流量下進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)2組(zu);最(zui)小(xiao)給(gei)料(liao)(liao)流量下進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)2組(zu);中(zhong)(zhong)間常用(yong)給(gei)料(liao)(liao)流量下進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)1組(zu);共10次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗。每(mei)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗前(qian)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)查置(zhi)零(ling)裝置(zhi),將(jiang)皮帶秤(cheng)置(zhi)零(ling),完成(cheng)每(mei)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗后(hou),記錄試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗載荷(he)的(de)累計值。多速(su)皮帶秤(cheng)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)方(fang)法(fa)是(shi)對每(mei)一(yi)速(su)度(du)按上(shang)述(shu)方(fang)法(fa)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗。而(er)變速(su)皮帶秤(cheng)的(de)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)定(ding)方(fang)法(fa)除對上(shang)述(shu)方(fang)法(fa)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)外,還應(ying)在(zai)(zai)上(shang)述(shu)方(fang)法(fa)中(zhong)(zhong)每(mei)種給(gei)料(liao)(liao)流量下進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)3次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)附加的(de)單(dan)項試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗,在(zai)(zai)每(mei)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗期(qi)間將(jiang)運行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)速(su)度(du)在(zai)(zai)整個速(su)度(du)范圍(wei)內進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)變化。 模(mo)擬(ni)載(zai)(zai)(zai)荷(he)(he)(he)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)是在(zai)皮帶秤經物料檢(jian)(jian)定合格后(hou),為了(le)使(shi)用(yong)中(zhong)檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)方便(bian)(bian)應立(li)(li)即進(jin)行模(mo)擬(ni)載(zai)(zai)(zai)荷(he)(he)(he)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan),建立(li)(li)起模(mo)擬(ni)載(zai)(zai)(zai)荷(he)(he)(he)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)與物料試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)的(de)對(dui)應關系(xi),以便(bian)(bian)對(dui)模(mo)擬(ni)載(zai)(zai)(zai)荷(he)(he)(he)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)的(de)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)進(jin)行修正(zheng)。模(mo)擬(ni)載(zai)(zai)(zai)荷(he)(he)(he)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)應使(shi)用(yong)模(mo)擬(ni)載(zai)(zai)(zai)荷(he)(he)(he)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)模(mo)擬(ni)物料通過皮帶秤的(de)效果(guo)(guo),在(zai)短時間內至少進(jin)行3次。組成一(yi)個完整的(de)模(mo)擬(ni)載(zai)(zai)(zai)荷(he)(he)(he)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan),以便(bian)(bian)對(dui)模(mo)擬(ni)載(zai)(zai)(zai)荷(he)(he)(he)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)的(de)重復(fu)性做出(chu)評價。模(mo)擬(ni)載(zai)(zai)(zai)荷(he)(he)(he)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)3次試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)的(de)平均值(zhi),可(ke)作為使(shi)用(yong)中(zhong)檢(jian)(jian)驗(yan)(yan)和使(shi)用(yong)中(zhong)核查模(mo)擬(ni)載(zai)(zai)(zai)荷(he)(he)(he)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)的(de)測量結(jie)果(guo)(guo)的(de) 修(xiu)正值。模擬載荷(he)裝置檢(jian)定重復性達到0.1 % , 經物料(liao)檢(jian)定修(xiu)正后(hou)才能對(dui)0.5 級皮帶秤進(jin)行使用中(zhong)檢(jian)驗(yan)。 ( 皮帶秤示(shi)值一物料實(shi)際值 ) 物(wu)料試(shi)驗的計算公式 ??δ= ————————————— ×100 % 物料實際值 ( 皮(pi)帶(dai)秤示值一(yi)模(mo)擬載荷裝置(zhi)示值 ) 修正后模擬載荷試(shi)驗計算公式δ=————————————————×100 % 模擬載荷裝置示值 在使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)中檢驗皮(pi)帶秤(cheng)(cheng)應使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)實際(ji)物料(liao)進(jin)(jin)行(xing),對(dui)(dui)于(yu)難以經(jing)常(chang)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)物料(liao)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)中檢驗的皮(pi)帶秤(cheng)(cheng),使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)中檢驗可以使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)修(xiu)正后的模擬(ni)載荷裝(zhuang)置(zhi)替代實際(ji)物料(liao)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)中檢驗。通常(chang)可用(yong)(yong)(yong)循環鏈碼(ma)等重復性(xing)達到0.1 % 的模擬(ni)載荷裝(zhuang)置(zhi)對(dui)(dui)0.5級皮(pi)帶秤(cheng)(cheng)、1級皮(pi)帶秤(cheng)(cheng)、2級皮(pi)帶秤(cheng)(cheng)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)中檢驗;使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)其他模擬(ni)載荷裝(zhuang)置(zhi)對(dui)(dui)1級皮(pi)帶秤(cheng)(cheng)和2級皮(pi)帶秤(cheng)(cheng)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)中檢驗。 在計(ji)(ji)量(liang)(liang)性能要(yao)求模擬(ni)試驗中,規(gui)定(ding)(ding)了(le)影(ying)響(xiang)因子(zi)(zi)試驗。影(ying)響(xiang)因子(zi)(zi)是(shi)處于皮帶秤(cheng)(cheng)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)額(e)定(ding)(ding)操(cao)作條件之(zhi)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)種不(bu)是(shi)被(bei)測量(liang)(liang),但卻是(shi)影(ying)響(xiang)被(bei)測量(liang)(liang)值(zhi)或(huo)皮帶秤(cheng)(cheng)示(shi)值(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)量(liang)(liang)。如(ru)0.5級皮帶秤(cheng)(cheng)影(ying)響(xiang)因子(zi)(zi)試驗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)大(da)允許誤(wu)差0.18 % 模擬(ni)試驗中規(gui)定(ding)(ding)了(le)重復性、累(lei)(lei)計(ji)(ji)顯示(shi)器鑒別(bie)力、累(lei)(lei)計(ji)(ji)顯示(shi)器零(ling)(ling)(ling)點(dian)累(lei)(lei)計(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鑒別(bie)力、零(ling)(ling)(ling)點(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)短期(qi)穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)(ding)度(du),還(huan)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)有(you)零(ling)(ling)(ling)點(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長(chang)期(qi)穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)(ding)度(du)。在進(jin)(jin)行零(ling)(ling)(ling)點(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)短期(qi)度(du)后,皮帶秤(cheng)(cheng)再運行3 h 。在沒有(you)進(jin)(jin)一(yi)(yi)步調零(ling)(ling)(ling)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況下重復進(jin)(jin)行一(yi)(yi)次短期(qi)穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)(ding)度(du)試驗,其(qi)累(lei)(lei)計(ji)(ji)示(shi)值(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結果還(huan)應滿足(zu)零(ling)(ling)(ling)點(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)穩(wen)(wen)定(ding)(ding)度(du)要(yao)求,并且3 h 前(qian)后所有(you)示(shi)值(zhi)中最(zui)(zui)小(xiao)累(lei)(lei)計(ji)(ji)示(shi)值(zhi)與最(zui)(zui)大(da)累(lei)(lei)計(ji)(ji)示(shi)值(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)差值(zhi)應不(bu)能超過最(zui)(zui)大(da)流量(liang)(liang)下1 h 累(lei)(lei)計(ji)(ji)載荷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)百分數。對(dui)0.5級皮帶秤(cheng)(cheng)為0.0018 % 。 在現場試驗規定(ding)了(le)重復性(xing)、零(ling)點(dian)的(de)最(zui)大(da)(da)允許(xu)誤差(cha)、置零(ling)顯(xian)示器的(de)鑒別(bie)力、還規定(ding)了(le)零(ling)載(zai)荷的(de)最(zui)大(da)(da)偏(pian)差(cha)試驗,在作零(ling)點(dian)的(de)最(zui)大(da)(da)允許(xu)誤差(cha)試驗期(qi)間(jian),當最(zui)小累計(ji)(ji)載(zai)荷等(deng)于(yu)(yu)或(huo)小于(yu)(yu)皮帶(dai)秤在最(zui)大(da)(da)流(liu)量(liang)下(xia)轉三圈(quan)的(de)載(zai)荷量(liang)時,整個試驗期(qi)間(jian)累計(ji)(ji)顯(xian)示器的(de)顯(xian)示值與其初始(shi)顯(xian)示值偏(pian)差(cha)應不超過最(zui)大(da)(da)流(liu)量(liang)下(xia)累計(ji)(ji)載(zai)荷的(de)百分(fen)數(shu),對0.5級皮帶(dai)秤為0.18 % 。 新規程(cheng)對輸(shu)送機(ji)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)帶(dai)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)帶(dai)單(dan)位長度的(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)應(ying)實際上是(shi)恒定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)。皮(pi)(pi)(pi)帶(dai)的(de)(de)(de)接頭應(ying)對稱量(liang)結(jie)果不引起過(guo)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)附加誤差(cha)。對傾斜(xie)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)帶(dai)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)是(shi)應(ying)確保被稱物料(liao)不出現打滑現象。對帶(dai)稱量(liang)臺皮(pi)(pi)(pi)帶(dai)秤的(de)(de)(de)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)帶(dai)張(zhang)力(li),要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)帶(dai)的(de)(de)(de)縱向張(zhang)力(li)應(ying)保持不受來(lai)自重力(li)張(zhang)力(li)裝置或其他自動(dong)張(zhang)力(li)裝置的(de)(de)(de)溫度、磨損或載荷的(de)(de)(de)影響,在皮(pi)(pi)(pi)帶(dai)與驅(qu)動(dong)輪之間實際上應(ying)無滑動(dong)。輸(shu)送機(ji)長度超過(guo)10 m 的(de)(de)(de),傳遞張(zhang)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)托輥在皮(pi)(pi)(pi)帶(dai)接觸處(chu)應(ying)有一個不小于90?的(de)(de)(de)弧度。 國家計量(liang)技術法規統一(yi)宣(xuan)貫(guan)教材(cai)中(zhong)補充(chong)了傾斜皮(pi)(pi)帶(dai)(dai)機一(yi)般傾角(jiao)不應(ying)(ying)大于(yu)18?,應(ying)(ying)配(pei)備有效的皮(pi)(pi)帶(dai)(dai)張(zhang)緊裝(zhuang)置,以保持皮(pi)(pi)帶(dai)(dai)張(zhang)力變化盡量(liang)減少。應(ying)(ying)安裝(zhuang)皮(pi)(pi)帶(dai)(dai)跑偏限位器迫(po)使(shi)皮(pi)(pi)帶(dai)(dai)沿(yan)皮(pi)(pi)帶(dai)(dai)輸送機的中(zhong)心線(xian)運(yun)(yun)動。安裝(zhuang)承載器應(ying)(ying)在靠近尾輪的直線(xian)段上,稱重(zhong)托輥(gun)前后(hou)運(yun)(yun)行托輥(gun)(俗稱輔(fu)助托輥(gun))最好各五組(zu)與(yu)稱重(zhong)托輥(gun)應(ying)(ying)盡量(liang)調到同平面(mian),皮(pi)(pi)帶(dai)(dai)接(jie)頭不能用金屬卡子連接(jie)應(ying)(ying)粘接(jie)等內容。原規程(cheng)規定皮(pi)(pi)帶(dai)(dai)接(jie)頭不超過(guo)三個,接(jie)縫與(yu)皮(pi)(pi)帶(dai)(dai)側邊夾角(jiao)不大于(yu)45? 。 新(xin)規程(cheng)提出了(le)4項強制性規定。即:附錄(lu)A檢定記錄(lu)和(he)檢定證書內頁格(ge)式(shi)(shi)(shi);附錄(lu)B型(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)評(ping)價(jia)(定型(xing)鑒定)的(de)試驗程(cheng)序;附錄(lu)C型(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)評(ping)價(jia)(定型(xing)鑒定)報(bao)告格(ge)式(shi)(shi)(shi);以及附錄(lu)D對皮(pi)帶秤用戶的(de)要求。作為皮(pi)帶秤用戶只需對試驗程(cheng)序及報(bao)告格(ge)式(shi)(shi)(shi)有所(suo)了(le)解(jie),應著重介紹附錄(lu)A和(he)附錄(lu)D 。 附(fu)錄B型(xing)(xing)式評(ping)價試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)程序(xu):1.提交的(de)文件、2.結構與文件的(de)比較3.技術檢查、4.試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)通用要求(qiu)、5.試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)項目、6.性(xing)能試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、7.影響因子試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、 8.干擾試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、9.計量性(xing)能試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、10.現場試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、11.現場物料試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、12.型(xing)(xing)式評(ping)價的(de)結果制(zhi)定與處理。 附(fu)錄(lu)C型(xing)式(shi)(shi)評(ping)價報告(gao)格式(shi)(shi):1.皮帶(dai)秤(cheng)的標(biao)志(zhi)、2.有關型(xing)式(shi)(shi)的概況、3.型(xing)式(shi)(shi)評(ping)價核查表、4.型(xing)式(shi)(shi)評(ping)價試驗設備、5.試驗結構、6.試驗報告(gao) ①預熱(re)時間(jian)、②模擬速度的偏差、③偏載、④置零裝置、⑤影響因(yin)子試驗、⑥干擾試驗、⑦計(ji)量性能試驗、⑧現場試驗、⑨現場物料試驗(控制衡器的準確度、重復性) 新(xin)規程對皮(pi)(pi)帶(dai)秤用(yong)戶提出了(le)強制性的(de)要(yao)求,由于皮(pi)(pi)帶(dai)秤受現場(chang)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)環境(jing)影響較大(da),為了(le)確保皮(pi)(pi)帶(dai)秤量(liang)值(zhi)的(de)準確、可靠,皮(pi)(pi)帶(dai)秤的(de)用(yong)戶應(ying)在兩次檢定(ding)(ding)(ding)(年度周期檢定(ding)(ding)(ding))之間定(ding)(ding)(ding)期對皮(pi)(pi)帶(dai)秤進行(xing)(xing)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)中(zhong)示值(zhi)的(de)核(he)查,使(shi)(shi)用(yong)中(zhong)示值(zhi)核(he)查可使(shi)(shi)用(yong)模擬載荷裝置或(huo)其(qi)他運行(xing)(xing)檢驗(yan)裝置進行(xing)(xing)。如對0.5級皮(pi)(pi)帶(dai)秤相對誤差(cha)小于或(huo)等于0.6 % 時繼續使(shi)(shi)用(yong),若皮(pi)(pi)帶(dai)秤的(de)相對誤差(cha)大(da)于0.6 % 時,應(ying)進行(xing)(xing)調整(zheng),調整(zheng)后的(de)皮(pi)(pi)帶(dai)秤應(ying)由法定(ding)(ding)(ding)計量(liang)技術機構重新(xin)進行(xing)(xing)檢定(ding)(ding)(ding)。 相(xiang)對誤差可以用模擬載(zai)荷試驗得出的修(xiu)正值進(jin)行修(xiu)正。皮帶秤的修(xiu)理應(ying)由具有(you)修(xiu)理資格的專業人員進(jin)行,若對影響(xiang)皮帶秤計量性能的部件或裝置進(jin)行更(geng)換,必須由法定計量技術機構重新進(jin)行檢定。 三、新規程(cheng)(cheng)與原規程(cheng)(cheng)的相關內容比較 1.根據R50皮帶(dai)秤國際(ji)建議結(jie)合(he)我(wo)國國情取消(xiao)了0.25級(ji)皮帶(dai)秤等(deng)級(ji),新規(gui)程對稱量(liang)準確度(du)等(deng)級(ji)分為三個級(ji)別即:0.5級(ji)、1級(ji)、2級(ji)。原規(gui)程皮帶(dai)秤稱量(liang)準確度(du)等(deng)級(ji)分為四個等(deng)級(ji),即:Ⅰ級(ji)0.25、Ⅱ級(ji)0.5、Ⅲ級(ji)1.0、Ⅳ級(ji)2.0 。 2.新規(gui)程把(ba)皮(pi)帶秤檢定(ding)分為模擬試(shi)(shi)驗和現場試(shi)(shi)驗。把(ba)“零點(dian)的短(duan)期穩定(ding)度”歸納在(zai)模擬試(shi)(shi)驗范圍,置零后(hou)5次試(shi)(shi)驗(每次3 min)中獲得(de)的最(zui)小累計示值與最(zui)大(da)(da)累計示值之差應不能(neng)超(chao)過最(zui)大(da)(da)流量(liang)下1h累計載荷的百分數。對(dui)0.5級皮(pi)帶秤為0.0013 % ,原規(gui)程規(gui)定(ding)對(dui)Ⅱ級0.5皮(pi)帶秤為0.0018 % 。新規(gui)程有明顯提(ti)高。 3.新規程(cheng)規定:零點(dian)(dian)的(de)最(zui)大(da)(da)允許誤(wu)差是(shi)在(zai)皮帶(dai)(dai)轉動一(yi)個整圈(quan)數(shu)后(hou)(hou),零點(dian)(dian)示值的(de)誤(wu)差應不(bu)超過試驗期間最(zui)大(da)(da)流量下(xia)累(lei)計(ji)載荷(he)的(de)百分數(shu)對0.5級皮帶(dai)(dai)秤為0.05% Qmax×t 。原規程(cheng)規定皮帶(dai)(dai)空荷(he)運行整數(shu)圈(quan)后(hou)(hou),零點(dian)(dian)指示器的(de)累(lei)計(ji)示值應不(bu)大(da)(da)于(yu)這段時間內,在(zai)最(zui)大(da)(da)流量下(xia)所累(lei)計(ji)負荷(he)的(de)百分比。基本(ben)上是(shi)按(an)3min時間定整圈(quan)數(shu)。 4.置零(ling)顯示(shi)器的(de)(de)鑒別力( 感量試(shi)驗)對(dui)于皮帶轉動(dong)一(yi)樣(yang)的(de)(de)整數圈且持續時間盡(jin)可能接近3min的(de)(de)試(shi)驗,無論(lun)是(shi)(shi)向承(cheng)(cheng)載(zai)器施加還是(shi)(shi)從承(cheng)(cheng)載(zai)器卸掉等于最大秤(cheng)量的(de)(de)百分數的(de)(de)載(zai)荷(he),皮帶秤(cheng)在無載(zai)荷(he)和有(you)載(zai)荷(he)的(de)(de)零(ling)點(dian)示(shi)值之(zhi)間都應有(you)一(yi)個(ge)明顯的(de)(de)差值。對(dui)0.5級皮帶秤(cheng)為(wei)0.05 % 。原(yuan)規程(cheng)要求(qiu):共作三次,零(ling)點(dian)指示(shi)器的(de)(de)累計(ji)示(shi)值應有(you)明顯的(de)(de)改(gai)變。 5.新規(gui)程(cheng)(cheng)把累計(ji)顯(xian)示的(de)鑒別(bie)力試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(載荷(he)(he)感(gan)量(liang)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan))劃(hua)歸在模擬試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)計(ji)量(liang)性能(neng)中,在最(zui)小流量(liang)和(he)最(zui)大流量(liang)之間的(de)任一(yi)流量(liang)下,相差一(yi)個(ge)(ge)等于(yu)(yu)影響因子試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)最(zui)大允許誤差值的(de)載荷(he)(he)(加載或卸載)得到(dao)的(de)兩個(ge)(ge)累計(ji)示值的(de)差值,應至少等于(yu)(yu)對應于(yu)(yu)累計(ji)載荷(he)(he)差值計(ji)算值的(de)一(yi)半。原規(gui)程(cheng)(cheng)是在秤架掛碼位置上施加最(zui)大載荷(he)(he)60 % 的(de)砝碼,共作三次試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)。 6.重(zhong)(zhong)復性(xing)(xing)試驗(yan)(yan)與(yu)線(xian)(xian)性(xing)(xing)度(du),新規(gui)(gui)程(cheng)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)了(le)物(wu)料(liao)試驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)復性(xing)(xing),要(yao)求所有的(de)(de)物(wu)料(liao)試驗(yan)(yan)應(ying)成組進(jin)行,以(yi)便于對重(zhong)(zhong)復性(xing)(xing)評(ping)價。物(wu)料(liao)最大(da)流(liu)(liu)量下(xia)(xia)進(jin)行2組、最小流(liu)(liu)量下(xia)(xia)進(jin)行2組、常用(yong)流(liu)(liu)量下(xia)(xia)進(jin)行1組,每(mei)一組為2次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)試驗(yan)(yan)。當試驗(yan)(yan)條件相(xiang)同(tong)(tong)且物(wu)料(liao)大(da)致相(xiang)等時,實際相(xiang)等的(de)(de)流(liu)(liu)量下(xia)(xia)獲得(de)的(de)(de)幾個稱(cheng)(cheng)量結果(guo),相(xiang)對誤(wu)差值(zhi)(zhi)應(ying)不(bu)超過自(zi)動稱(cheng)(cheng)量的(de)(de)最大(da)允(yun)許誤(wu)差的(de)(de)絕對值(zhi)(zhi)。如對0.5級(ji)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)秤首次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)檢(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)和(he)后續檢(jian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)為±0.25 % 絕對值(zhi)(zhi)為0.25 % ?這樣既能評(ping)價重(zhong)(zhong)復性(xing)(xing),三(san)種不(bu)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)物(wu)料(liao)流(liu)(liu)量也能作線(xian)(xian)性(xing)(xing)度(du)評(ping)價。同(tong)(tong)時還規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)了(le)模擬(ni)載(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)荷(he)重(zhong)(zhong)復性(xing)(xing)試驗(yan)(yan),方(fang)法是:往皮(pi)(pi)(pi)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)秤上(shang)施加(jia)模擬(ni)載(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)荷(he)裝(zhuang)置(zhi),然后卸(xie)下(xia)(xia)模擬(ni)載(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)荷(he)試驗(yan)(yan)裝(zhuang)置(zhi),允(yun)許皮(pi)(pi)(pi)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)秤空轉并將示值(zhi)(zhi)回(hui)零,再用(yong)同(tong)(tong)一模擬(ni)載(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)荷(he)試驗(yan)(yan)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)重(zhong)(zhong)復加(jia)載(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)兩次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)。所得(de)的(de)(de)3次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)測量結果(guo)中任意兩次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)結果(guo)的(de)(de)差值(zhi)(zhi)應(ying)不(bu)超過規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)要(yao)求如對0.5級(ji)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)秤為≤ ± 0.1 % 。原規(gui)(gui)程(cheng)重(zhong)(zhong)復性(xing)(xing)試驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)方(fang)法是在稱(cheng)(cheng)架上(shang)加(jia)載(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)最大(da)負荷(he)重(zhong)(zhong)量的(de)(de)60 % 皮(pi)(pi)(pi)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)運(yun)行N整圈(quan),記錄(lu)累計示值(zhi)(zhi)共同(tong)(tong)5次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci),5次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)稱(cheng)(cheng)量累計示值(zhi)(zhi)之間(jian)的(de)(de)極差、 與5次稱(cheng)量累(lei)計(ji)示值的平均值之比(bi)應不大于皮帶秤準確(que)度的允許值。 極差=最大示值(zhi)一最小示值(zhi) 極差值 允差(cha)=——————————————×100 % 5次累計示值(zhi)平(ping)均值(zhi)之比 新規(gui)程是(shi)(shi)檢(jian)定皮(pi)帶秤系統的(de)重(zhong)復(fu)性(xing),原(yuan)規(gui)程是(shi)(shi)檢(jian)定皮(pi)帶秤本體(不(bu)含皮(pi)帶張力變化因素)的(de)重(zhong)復(fu)性(xing)。線(xian)性(xing)度(du)檢(jian)定也是(shi)(shi)如此(ci),不(bu)同的(de)是(shi)(shi)原(yuan)規(gui)程對0.5級皮(pi)帶秤重(zhong)復(fu)性(xing)允許(xu)誤差≤0.25 % 對線(xian)性(xing)度(du)允許(xu)誤差≤ ±0.25 % 。新規(gui)程沒(mei)有(you)設專門線(xian)性(xing)度(du)檢(jian)定的(de)項目(mu)。
對(dui)誤差,新(xin)規程(cheng)規定最(zui)(zui)(zui)小累(lei)計載(zai)荷(he)應(ying)不(bu)小于下(xia)列各組的(de)最(zui)(zui)(zui)大(da)(da)者:在最(zui)(zui)(zui)大(da)(da)流量下(xia)1h 累(lei)計載(zai)荷(he)的(de)2 % ;在最(zui)(zui)(zui)大(da)(da)流量下(xia)皮帶(dai)轉動一圈獲得的(de)載(zai)荷(he);對(dui)應(ying)于相應(ying)累(lei)計分(fen)度值的(de)載(zai)荷(he),如0.5級(ji)皮帶(dai)秤累(lei)計分(fen)度數為800d 。原規程(cheng)對(dui)于Ⅱ級(ji)0.5皮帶(dai)秤累(lei)計分(fen)度數也為800d ;在最(zui)(zui)(zui)大(da)(da)流量下(xia)1h累(lei)計載(zai)荷(he)的(de)4 % ;或最(zui)(zui)(zui)大(da)(da)流量下(xia)皮帶(dai)運行2整圈的(de)物料量。
規(gui)程要求的(de)流(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)。低于這個(ge)流(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)運行,可(ke)能導(dao)致稱(cheng)重結果超過相對誤差。在某些(xie)特殊安裝的(de)情(qing)況(kuang)下,可(ke)以使皮(pi)帶秤(cheng)物料輸送的(de)流(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)變(bian)化率(最(zui)大(da)流(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)與最(zui)小流(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)之比)小于5﹕1 ,最(zui)小流(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)應不超過最(zui)大(da)流(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)的(de)35 % 對于散壯物料輸送開(kai)始時與輸送結束時的(de)物料流(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)變(bian)化率不計。原規(gui)程規(gui)定皮(pi)帶秤(cheng)的(de)有效稱(cheng)量(liang)(liang)范圍為該(gai)秤(cheng)最(zui)大(da)流(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)的(de)20% 一(yi)100% 。 |
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